Year 9 project based learning task Research booklet

The expanding universe

The universe is constantly expanding. The universe consists of stars, planets, moons nebula, pulsars, black holes and space. Our solar system is approximately 5800 000 000 km from the sun to outside. Our solar system is small part of our galaxy, the Milky Way.

The universe is so large, it cannot be measured in kilometres. Instead we use light years. 1 light year = distance light will travel in one year.

Light travels  at 3000000km per second.

Evidence suggests that is still expanding. The edge of the universe is approx,  1400 million light years.

The stars and galaxies at the edge are moving faster than those in centre. 

Big Crunch- the Big Bang crunch is when dark energy reduces and gravity pulls everything onto it ending the universe .

Big chill- the world freezes over and ends life.

Hormones

Hormones are chemicals messages.

Messages are slower than nerve messages and last longer.

Hormones are produced in endocrine glands and then passed directly into the blood.

Each hormone produced has it's own specific function.

Hormones can act on the whole body,on body systems or individuals organs.

Endocrine glands 

Endocrine glands are located throughout the body

Responsible for the production of hormones 

Endocrine glands include the typhoid, pancreas 

Pituitary gland

 The pituitary gland is the master gland that  controls the other endocrine glands

The pituitary gland produces hormones that act on other organs 

The pituitary gland is also responsible for the production of hormones that influences the reproductive organs and growth before puberty.

How the body response 

Stimulus received   

           $ 

Endocrine gland produces a hormone 

            $

Hormone is carried around the body in the blood 

                  $

Target cells and organs respond to the hormone 

                          $

Homeostasis is restored and the hormone is destroyed by the liver.