Eco cycles

Types of matter 

Biotic living components of an ecosystem 

Abiotic non living components of an ecosystem 

Organic matter makes up all living things contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen 

Rest of matter referred to as inorganic.

Water cycle- water cycle driven by the sun - causes evaporation 98% is found in salt water 

Transpiration - loss of water from plants.

The snow melts and the water runs off into the sea and is evaporated and forms clouds. From their it rain back down onto the mountain forming lakes and snow and it starts again.

Carbon cycle 

Found in all living organisms 

Found in atmosphere as carbon dioxide 

Carbon dioxide used in plants to produce sugar via photosynthesis 

Glucose eaten by animals 

Returns to a gas as carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration or decomposition of dead material.

Also returns via burning of fossil fuels .

Nitrogen cycle 

78% atmosphere nitrogen

Needs to undergo nitrogen fixation via lightening strikes to change to nitrates.

Nitrate dissolves in the rain water and used by plants

Eaten by animals 

Returns to ecosystem via urine.

Core science questions

1. Define the terms ‘scavenger’ and ‘decomposer’ 

A scavenger eats the leftovers of carcass

A decomposes is a fungi that gets rid off the bodies nutrients decomposes it.

1. Identify the process that removes carbon dioxide from the air and converts it to food.

Photosynthesis 

1. Explain why transpiration is necessary in plants.

To move the water around the plants from the roots to the leaves.

1. Identify the organisms that are responsible for absorbing nitrogen from the air.

Plants, animals and some forms of fungi.

1. Explain why animals and plants need nitrogen.

Energy sources in Australia

W1. Name the source of energy

Oil only becomes a source of energy when it is distiller and then can be formed into other useful substances 

2. Is the energy source renewable or non renewable

The energy substances are not renewable 
3. How is energy extracted

It has to be distilled and burned 

4. What do we use the energy for eg running cars, making electricity

This energy is used for petrol which is used in engines.
5. Do we use this in Australia

Yes 
6. Advantages to using this energy form

It is used in most    
7. Disadvantages of using this energy form

It cannot be remade and re used.

NATURAL GAS

1. Name the source of energy

Gas 
2. Is the energy source renewable or non renewable

No it is a fossil fuel
3. How is energy extracted

They suck it out with pipes 
4. What do we use the energy for eg running cars, making electricity

Cooking and fire
5. Do we use this in Australia

Yes 

6. Advantages to using this energy form

It is more affordable and can be made again

7. Disadvantages of using this energy for,

It cannot be re used 

COAL

1. Name the source of energy

Coal 
2. Is the energy source renewable or non renewable

No it is a fossil fuel
3. How is energy extracted

It is burned 
4. What do we use the energy for eg running cars, making electricity

Used in cement 
5. Do we use this in Australia

Yes
6. Advantages to using this energy form

It has variety of uses
7. Disadvantages of using this energy form

It cannot be re made or reused.

Solar

1. Name the source of energy

The sun
2. Is the energy source renewable or non renewable

It is renewable
3. How is energy extracted

It is transferred through solar panels 
4. What do we use the energy for eg running cars, making electricity

Powering a house and hearing water
5. Do we use this in Australia

Yes
6. Advantages to using this energy form

It is renewable 
7. Disadvantages of using this energy form

It cannot get 100% of the sun rays converted into energy.

Biomass 

1. Name the source of energy

Biomass
2. Is the energy source renewable or non renewable

Yes 
3. How is energy extracted

Through. Geological process which can convert it to coal.
4. What do we use the energy for eg running cars, making electricity

Cars and engines 
5. Do we use this in Australia

Yes
6. Advantages to using this energy form

It is renewable 
7. Disadvantages of using this energy form

We still have to put more research towards to use efficiently.

There are a number of different ways we can generate energy.

These include:

Nuclear energy-

Nuclear energy is usually considered to be a non renewable energy source. Although nuclear energy itself is renewable, the materials used in the nuclear power plants is not renewable. 

Nuclear energy harvests the energy from the nucleus of an atom. Nuclear energy is released through nuclear fusion, the process where the nucleus of an atom splits. 

Nuclear power plants are complex machine designed to turn nuclear fission into electricity. 

Nuclear energy is used to make electricity. 

Nuclear energy is used in Australia.

The advantages of nuclear energy is that it does not produce green house gases. Nuclear power plants can be built in rural areas and will not harm the environment.

The disadvantages of nuclear energy is that it produces radioactive material. Nuclear power plants are very hard to build and very complex to run and many places do not have the scientists to run it.

Wind energy

Wind energy is a renewable energy source.

Wind energy is created by the wind turbines from a windmill, when the wind comes it spins the wind turbines which creates energy. The electronics inside the windmill converts the energy into electricity. 

Wind energy is used in Australia. Wind energy is used on lots of farms.

The advantages of wind energy is that is reusable and clean. It does not produce any gases or harmful stuff. 

The disadvantages that comes with wind energy is that it is hard to put a windmill up.

Geothermal

Geothermal energy is renewable aslong as the earth is there. 

Geothermal energy is energy that comes from the deeps of the earth. Geothermal emergy is used to make electricity.

Very little people in Australia use geothermal energy as it it is extremly expensive.

The advangtages of geothermal energy is that it is extremly clean and produces no harmfull things to the enviroment. The disadvangtages of geothermal energy is that it is extremly expensive and hard to opperate.

Eyes of the universe

Q1 earth based telescopes such as radio telescopes can travel deeper into to space. They also can pick up smaller sized radio frequencies.

Q2 groups of telescopes are combined to create a sharper quality of image. 

Q3 about the size, shape and movement of every type of star from our own sun to stars at the outer edges of the universe.

Q4  provide views of the universe that could never be seen from the Earth’s surface through the atmosphere.

Q5  

Q6  because super computers can handle large amounts of data and can work faster than normal computers.

Q7 because they can't run forever and their is no way to keep running again once it's gone.

Q8 because we may have different ways of seeing space from earth without having to travel out of the earth atmosphere.

Q9 

 

History of science

10 dot points about astronomy 

1: we are in the milkyway which is amoung other millions of stars.

2: we spin around the sun and the moon spins around the earth.

3: the theory of that the earth was in the centre of the solar system came from the Greeks 

4: the Greeks made a working system made of cogs and brass that showed how the planets moved.

5: the new theory of the solar system was made up of irregular ellipses .

6: Galileo made a new telescope and made it better than the Dutch spyglass.

7: Galileo theory was accepted after his trial in Rome.

8: their much conflict between religon and science 

9. The belief system was spilt two the pagans and the Christians 

10: one astronomer used to read previous recording and calculations 72 times.